DISABILITY - 1908 Words

BERNARD ETUOKWU BSc Social Sciences Part- time Year 1. Assignment 2. Consider the Social Model of Disability. How useful is this model in helping us understand the nature of Disability discrimination? Inspired by the writings of various disabled activists and scholars the 1980’s and the 1990’s,disability studies has taken on an emancipatory turn because of the paradigm shift by sociologists and activists from explaining disability in terms of individual pathology or biomedical to the ways in which environmental and cultural barriers exclude disabled people from mainstream society and everyday life. This essay will provide a definition of the social model of Disability as opposed to the bio medical model and discuss briefly the†¦show more content†¦Disabled sociologists have been very critical of the disabling and offensive nature of much of social science research that has been done regarding disability .Oliver (1992),Abberley (1992).In terms of sociological research Morris(1992(a):201-2) advocates that there is a need for changes to the social relations of research productions and that researchers engage with the following questions in mind. Who do I want this research to influence? Who do I want to be aware of this research? Who do I want to relate to this research?. A clear message so far from social research is that what matters to the disabled is that the non-disabled recognise the profound nature of their struggles to realise a barrier-free society.Barton(2004). The emancipatory or liberating approach requires that justice ,equality and participation or inclusion be the a primary imperative. Disabled people have been subjected to a range of offensive responses by other Although the social model of disability has been celebrated as a major triumph in the socio political struggle for equality,participation and justice for theShow MoreRelatedChildren With Disabilities And Disabilities Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesDisabilities Research Paper When the word disability is mentioned many different things come to mind for different people. Some think of mental illnesses while others think of paralysis. Per New York Times 1 in every 5 Americans has a disability of some kind. It has been seen that these people are not treated the same and disabilities get in the way of them living a normal life. Some wish they could change how they live others feel empowered and challenged. No matter how disabilities make theseRead MoreMy Experiences With Disability And Disability1491 Words   |  6 PagesExperiences with Disability Introduction†¦ Disability is prominent in our society and it is important that we live and work in communities that are inclusive to those with limitations, and provide necessary supports to them. As a young adult I have learned and experienced more about disability than when I was younger. I have gained the most knowledge about disability through university classes, but there have also been times growing up where I encountered individuals with various disabilities, either throughRead MoreDisability Sports : Disabled Disabilities1673 Words   |  7 PagesDisability sports was initially created to help rehabilitate war veterans, since then it has become extremely popular and occurs across the globe. Historically, disability sports has not received very much attention, the problem is that we don’t have enough organized programs for the younger generations. There are plenty of after-school programs out there for able-bodied children, such as football or soccer, but there is a considerable lack in the amount of programs for disabled children, accessibilityRead MorePhysical Disability And Physical Disabilities1191 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals with physical disabilities require more specific nursing care, whether it is in a hospital setting or out in the community. According to the Physical Disability Council of North West Sydney (2009), physical disability pertains to total or partial loss of a person’s bodily functions (ex. walking, gross motor skills, bladder control etc.) and total or partial loss of a part of the body (ex. an amputation). John Hopkins University states, â€Å"physical disabilities result from congenital conditionsRead MoreDisability, Social, And Developmental Disabilities2100 Words   |  9 PagesWhat do I already know about disability and social justice in a few words (you can list terms or share a few experiences you’ve had)? My understanding of a disability is type of impairment that can hinder someone to not be able to functi on at the same level as someone who is considered â€Å"normal.† While I believe that many people believe disabilities are mostly physical, there are also mental and social disabilities. I predict that there are more types that I will uncover in this chapter. Social justiceRead MoreDisabilities : People With Disabilities Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pages People with Disabilities In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau released a report that approximately 1 in every 5 Americans has a disability, which translated into almost 56.7 million people (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). Moreover, more than half of that population was severely disabled. However, many disabled people are stigmatized and excluded from everyday activities, do not receive the required disability-related services, and are not accorded equal access to employment opportunitiesRead MoreModels of Disability941 Words   |  4 PagesModels of Disability Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical periods.   For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static, functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations.   World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability In 2001, theRead MoreThe Stigma Of Invisible Disabilities. Invisible Disabilities1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stigma of Invisible Disabilities Invisible disabilities are exactly what they seem to be: hidden from view. Invisible disabilities come in almost endless varieties, including mental illnesses, HIV, AIDS, diabetes, learning disabilities, epilepsy, and more. While there may be visible components to these disabilities, all of them can be virtually invisible and â€Å"hidden† from view. People often make assumptions based on what is visibly seen, so when someone is suffering from something invisibleRead MoreSociology and Disabilities1187 Words   |  5 Pageshorrible thing. Many would think it wrong for a parent to not want to give their child the gift of sight. If I had a child that was deaf, I would do everything in my power to help them get their hearing. If the technology was there to fix this disability, why wouldn t anyone want their child to have it? 840 babies are born with a permanent hearing loss every year.(NDCS of UK). This is a horrible number to hear, that so many children will never be able to hear. If there was any technology ableRead MoreDisability : A Cause Disability1371 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever get a chance to know about disability, a cause of disability, and the consequence? Disability is a condition, which may restrict the person mental, sensory or mobility function to undertake or perform a task in the same way as a person who does not have a disability. One disability comes in much Variety of shape, sex, color, and culture like others do. The only thing that separates a person with a disability is that, they only cannot do certain things in the same way as the mainstream

Bussiness Proposal Free Essays

Describe how the current market conditions will affect the planning or operating decisions involving the product. Market Structure The market structure in this instance could fall into one of two types, oligopoly or monopoly (McConnell, Bruce, Flynn, 2009). The rationale behind oligopoly is that several large retailers currently provide this service and control the availability, use, and other aspects of the programs (McConnell, Bruce, Flynn, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Bussiness Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The rationale behind monopoly is that the program is limited to each organization (McConnell, Bruce, Flynn, 2009). For example the program used at my organization is call the Shop Your Way Rewards program, it is only available at Smart and Sears, it cannot be used at other retailers and is exclusively controlled by Sears Holding Inc. Ultimately The market structure is a combination of a monopoly and oligopoly. Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand has little effect on this product as the product is a free program provided by the organization. Despite this fact price elasticity does have an effect on the use of the program in that the customers can earn points on purchases and in turn spend those points on other researched. In this instance, as prices rise or fall within the store the use of the product increases or decreases as a result. If for instance a products price rises at the store level, the number of points earned during purchases using the product increases as well. Likewise as the prices increase it requires customers to have more points available to make purchases. Though the rewards card is a free program an increase in product prices would translate to an increase in demand for the rewards card. In looking at the determinants of price elasticity of demand, substitutability is first. The only way to substitute this product would be to shop at a competitor using the rewards program there such as a Kroger Plus card. Another substitute would be to use coupons instead of the card; however enhance them. The next determinant is proportion of income, again this would tie into the selling price of products and how the rewards program would offset any increases in price therefore increasing the amount of funds available to purchase products. Next is the luxury versus necessity determinant, the rewards card applies to both and is neutral in this area as it can be used for either luxuries or necessities. The last determinant is time, as more consumers become familiar with this product the demand will increase as the benefits are realized. Profit-Maximizing Quantity This program essentially gives the customer a percentage of his or her purchase price back in the form of points that can be redeemed during a transaction Just like cash. The program also generates coupons based on purchase levels and membership levels for additional dollars or percentages off purchases. Through data analysis, the company has determined that customers enrolled in the program average three additional shopping trips per onto than non-members, the data also reveals that members purchase on average $13 more per transaction than non-members. Points are earned one point at a time based on one percent of every $1 . An example of this would be a purchase of $100 would translate to gaining 10 points. Every 10 points equal one penny, 1,000 points equals $1, 10,000 points equals $10, and so forth. By increasing the frequency of customers return trips along with the average dollar amount of those purchases the company is essentially paying for the program by enrolling new members. As membership increases so do sales and in turn profits. Price and Non-price Strategies Because the program is free, no price is placed upon the product. A non-price strategy is currently underway in which the benefits of membership are expressed by checkout operators during the customer checkout experience. The company has also set enrollment and usage goals for each location within the company as well. Through the increase in verbal communication with every customer the company will realize the goals set and will be able to increase the goals as they are met. Production Costs The production costs associated with this product are the production of plastic cards for consumers to carry for purposes of using the program and redeeming points. This has been reduced over the last year and a half of the programs existence by encouraging customers to use their mobile phone number to access the account. The company also has an internally produced website specific to the program that allows customers to update information and review purchases and current point amounts. This required only a small outlay in web design as the hardware and software was already in place to support the aerogram. The company also is reducing costs on receipts as part of the program is to allow customers to receive electronic receipts via e-mail instead of printed paper receipts. The costs of the program also include the points issued to customers. These costs are offset by the increases in purchases. The following is a hypothetical cost break started the program by mass producing credit card-sized plastic rewards cards along with multicolumn, trip-fold brochures. The company’s initial investment was $1 million for the printing, distribution, and advertisement of this program. The initial program an for 12 months prior to the first cost reduction initiative. The program had recurring costs of $100,000 per month to continue production and distribution of materials. This initiative was to eliminate the plastic card and eliminate the need for informational brochures. This was accomplished through the use of customer phone numbers and email addresses as identifiers instead of physical cards. The next reduction was made through the implementation of a website where the information regarding the product could be accessed by customers. This resulted in a net reduction of costs by $75,000 per month. The costs associated with points accumulated and spent by customers is variable and changes month to month, the amount has been steadily increasing since the program’s inception and will continue to do so. To curb expenses associated with this part of the program the suggestion is to limit the number of points that can be redeemed in any transaction as well as place an expiration date on accumulated points. This will prevent customers from saving up a large number of points and eroding profit margin. Current Global Economic Conditions and the Local Macro Economy The current global economic conditions eave led to increases production costs of products sold by Smart and Sears as a result these increased costs have been passed on to consumers in the form of price increases on the products. The rewards program will offer consumers a way to offset these increased costs by earning rewards points that will allow them to reduce the total amount of their purchase. The program will also issue member-only coupons to these consumers which will further reduce his or her costs. By doing this the company will see an increase in brand loyalty and revenues. Recent economic trends in the United States include new growth in the housing market, as consumers arches homes and contractors build new homes the demand for products offered by both Smart and Sears will increase and as a result the demand for the rewards program will increase as well. The company is seeking a 75% penetration rate across all avenues of the business, including brick and mortar stores and online outlets. Local Economies Current Stage in the Business Cycle The local economy is currently in an expansion period as businesses are slowly starting to rebound from the recession. This is evident by the increase in home sales and the resulting increase in mortgage rates, along with the decrease in unemployment. As a result the demand for the product will increase as people begin to have more disposable income and seek out purchases for both luxury items, such as televisions and necessity items such as food. The product uniquely will set Smart and Sears apart from the competition in fighting for this increase in disposable income by allowing customers to access a virtually limitless amount of products through Internet shopping sites and affiliate marketplaces set up on those sites. The current market conditions for Smart and Sears are still in a period of struggle as individuals are still recovering from the recession. As individuals recover the company must fight to regain market share from new competitors such as Dollar General, Family Dollar, and Dollar Tree. These three companies capitalized on the recession by offering low price products that undercut many big box retailers such as Smart, Target, and Wall-Mart. As the economy recovers it will be important for Smart and Sears to pursue actively the consumers lost to these competitors and a way to do that is with the rewards program. Conclusion The program provides a unique experience for customers as the points are redeemable on virtually any product carried either in tore or online. The program also generates sales and profit with a low amount of investment from the company. Customers will have generated roughly three to four times the amount of profit needed to cover the issuance of the points to each customer. Management should have a solid understanding of how effective and beneficial this program is and how the continued success of the program directly translates to the success of each business unit. Reference McConnell, C. R. , Bruce, S. L. , Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics. Unknown, NY: McGraw-Hill Company. How to cite Bussiness Proposal, Papers

Hillside veterinarian clinic marketing plan free essay sample

Evaluation of the Plan This plan has a well-developed topic, and all sections and subsections of a solid marketing plan have been completed. This marketing plan contains the appropriate measurement for the objectives the company is trying to achieve. The plan is consistent has a sense of cohesiveness throughout the sections. The plan also follows APA style formatting throughout the text body, headings, references, and tables. Overall the piece has a professional appearance with very few errors, and is logical. The plan refreshes the point and its strategic objectives. Evaluation Scale: A Excellent A) What is the target market for this plan? -The target market for this plan is for new customers, and includes families within a 10 mile radius of Wellington with small animals. B) What is the strategy Hillside Veterinary Clinic intends to use? The strategy that Hillside Veterinary Clinic intends to use is target marketing. Hillside is using this strategy because their marketing mix is tailored to fit specific target customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Hillside veterinarian clinic marketing plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C) What are your initial reactions to this strategy? -My initial reaction of this plan is that it has a clear and concise vision of what they want to achieve. The have clear goals and contain a excellent grasp of the four â€Å"P’s†, and how they are going to implement them. Do you think the plan will be successful Why? or Why not? -I do think the plan will be successful. I think the plan will be successful because Hillsides target market is reasonable and suits their capabilities. They have clear goals and a well-planned strategy in order to achieve those goals. The company also has skilled operands that match with the operants. This company can rely on their quality of service along with their marketing plan. The two will work well, and can market organically.

Brubaker Movie free essay sample

Brubaker, played by Robert Redford, goes into the Wakefield Penitentiary to become the future warden, but enters anonymously as a prisoner. Brubaker, and the viewer, get to witness the corruption first hand for the first thirty minutes of the movie. Wakefield does not have guards, but instead, trusties who basically have free reign over the prison. The trusties are allowed to carry a weapon and get time off of their sentences for shooting escapees, and this holds most of the blame for the brutality that went on inside Wakefield. The conditions inside the prison were beyond terrible, and the commonplaces included beatings, bribery, rape, and slum living conditions. After witnessing the corruption first hand and somehow making it out unscathed, Brubaker jumps into his planned position as warden this is a surprise to everyone in the prison and the viewer. When Brubaker takes charge he begins his plan of progressive reform for the prison. We will write a custom essay sample on Brubaker Movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While Brubaker is pushing his progressive reform, more people on his side are being hurt than helped. For example, an old man named Abraham, who had done his time and three years over, agreed to tell Brubaker where the graves of murder victims were on Wakefield’s farm, and he became a victim because of it. Brubaker, in my opinion, does a great job of portraying the past need for progressive reform in prisons. The advertisement of the movie does a great job of ruining the surprise move to warden by Brubaker though. It takes the punch out of the climax of the movie. Brubaker has a great story, but it leaves the viewer with many unanswered questions, mostly coming from a lack of character development. Even with a lack of telling the characters’ stories I think Brubaker serves its purpose well, by giving a fictional, but rather historically accurate, depiction of the horrible condition of pre-reform prisons.

Identifying the Most Common Hardwood Trees

Identifying the Most Common Hardwood Trees Hardwoods or broadleafs  are trees  classed as angiosperms or plants with ovules enclosed for protection in an ovary. When appropriately watered on good fertile sites or fed  in the landscape with a special tree fertilizer mix, these ovules will rapidly develop into seeds. The  seeds then drop from trees as acorns, nuts, samaras, drupes and pods. Hardwoods have either simple or compound leaves. Simple leaves can be further divided into lobed and unlobed. Unlobed leaves may have a smooth edge (such as a magnolia) or a serrated edge (such as an elm). The most common North American tree is the red alder. It has oval-shaped leaves and a reddish-brown bark. They can grow as tall as 100 feet and are found mostly in the western United States and Canada. Difference Between Hardwood and Broadleaf Broadleaf  trees can be evergreen or they can persist in dropping their leaves over the entire  winter. Most are  deciduous and lose all their leaves over a short annual fall drop. These leaves can be either simple (single blades) or they can be​ compound with leaflets attached to a leaf stem. Although variable in shape, all hardwood leaves have a distinct network of fine veins. Here is a quick leaf identification key of the common hardwoods in North America. Hardwood: Trees with broad, flat leaves as opposed to coniferous or needled trees. Wood hardness varies among the hardwood species, and some are actually softer than some softwoods.Deciduous Perennial plants which are normally leafless for some time during the year.Broadleaf: A tree with leaves that are broad, flat and thin and generally shed annually. Difference Between Hardwood and Softwood The texture and density of the wood a tree produces puts it in either the hardwood or softwood category. Most hardwood trees are deciduous trees, which lose their leaves annually, like elm or maple. Softwood comes from a conifer (cone-bearing) or evergreen trees, such as pine or spruce. Ron Biedenbach / EyeEm / Getty Images The wood from hardwood trees tends to be harder because the trees grow at a slower rate, giving the wood its greater density. Most Common Hardwoods Unlike the conifers or softwood firs, spruce and pines, hardwood trees have evolved into a broad array of common species. The most common species in North America are oaks, maple, hickory, birch, beech and cherry. Forests, where a majority of their trees drop leaves at the end of the typical growing season, are called deciduous forests. These forests are found worldwide and are located in either temperate or tropical ecosystems. Deciduous trees, like oaks, maples, and elms, shed their leaves in the fall and sprout new ones every spring Common North American Hardwood List Here are some of the most common hardwood trees found in North America, along with their scientific names. ash  - Genus  Fraxinus  beech  - Genus  Fagus  basswood  - Genus Tilia  birch  - Genus  Betula  black cherry  Ã‚  - Genus  Prunus  black walnut/butternut  - Genus  Juglans  cottonwood  Ã‚  - Genus  Populus  elm  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Ulmus  hackberry  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Celtis  hickory  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Carya  holly  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  IIex  locust  - Genus  Robinia  and  Gleditsia  magnolia  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Magnolia  maple  - Genus  Acer  oak  - Genus  Quercus  poplar  Ã‚  - Genus  Populus  red alder  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Alnus  royal paulownia  Ã‚  - Genus  Paulownia  sassafras  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Sassafras  sweetgum  - Genus  Liquidambar  sycamore  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Platanus  tupelo  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Nyssa  willow  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Salix  yellow-poplar  - Genus  Liriodendron japatino / Getty Images

The American people in the US-Led Afghanistan and Iraq War Essay

The American people in the US-Led Afghanistan and Iraq War - Essay Example in Smith 125). More than its military might, the real power of the US lies in its high moral ground in defending civil liberties and the rule of law at home and abroad. With this consistent posturing, the US government gets high support from the American public and the international community, cementing its appearance of invincibility and making its citizens feel secure against any external threat. However, this long-held belief was eroded when Osama Bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda unprecedentedly attacked the symbols of US power in New York City, Washington D.C. and Shanksville, Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001. This shocked the world and inflicted harm against the US far beyond its number of casualties and destroyed properties, as it had created deep fear of insecurity among Americans, exposing the vulnerability of the world’s super power. In reprisal, the Bush administration immediately launched its international war against terror not simply to expunge terrorism but most imp ortantly to pacify and bring back the myth of US invincibility to the American public that for many decades had made them feel secure and superior. Unfortunately, the result had been the opposite. In its war against terror, the US has unwittingly stripped off itself of its real hegemonic motives and exposed its total disregard to civil liberties, inevitably reversing the American public and international support into condemnation. Bush’s full military offensive against terrorism had been a backlash, not only against his administration but against America. II War Justification and Motives The 9/11terrorist attack on the US soil served the Bush administration in two important ways that would later unmask the US government to its own people and to the world. First, it served as warning that the American public is no longer safe in their own land, which created in them deep fear of insecurity to the point of paranoia. This called for a review on US foreign policy sharpening the v iew that US hegemony might have been creating and fuelling anti-US sentiments giving terrorists reason to attack America – a view that although not new was not given much thought before, much more by the American public. Second, this had become an opportunity to send America to war, as the fragile state of the American public was carefully manipulated to conveniently justify a war that Bush and his cowboys found decisive in insuring the strategic positioning and in imposing the US hegemonic interest in the Middle East. Never before had there been an attack attempted against the US on its own soil that was as bold and sophisticated as the bombing of the World Trade Center and Pentagon. This did not simply shock the world but had created in the American public the deep fear of insecurity, seeing that international terrorism had grown into a potent enemy capable of harming even the most formidable nation in the world. Meaning, nothing is seemingly safe against international terr orism and that America was no longer a safe place to live in. This thought sent a chilling effect on Americans, especially those living conveniently in their homes. Opportunely, too, the Al-Qaeda had been so easily transformed into a new enemy of the world replacing the collapsed communist Soviet Union. Thus the neo-conservatives in the Bush administration had created a convincing myth to push for their long desired war in the Middle East without much opposition. (Shah 6) The magnitude of the casualty and the sophistication of the tactic employed by Al-Qaeda in 9/11 attack had really shaken not only

Dimensions of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dimensions of Health - Essay Example Even with ongoing debate for and against the definition proposed by WHO, it is clear from this definition that health is an entity with multiple dimensions. This definition envisages three specific dimensions, the physical, mental, and social. These dimensions appear separate, but in reality, they are dynamic and interact with each other. Human behaviour is a common theme in human health. Human behaviour is the resultant of physical and mental factors interacting in complicated ways. The broad categories of factors that may influence individual health behaviour include knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, skills, finance, time, and many others. It is important to give serious considerations to the social context, a particular behaviour occurs. Health behaviour refers to those activities that an individual undertakes to avoid disease. These behaviours are dependent on the environmental contexts as well as on emotions and feelings. Most importantly, health behaviour depends on the he alth needs (Hawks et al., 2008, 319-324). Attitudes are acquired characteristics of an individual that are considered to be more or less permanent ways of behaving. An attitude contains three components, a cognitive or knowledge element, an affective or feeling element, and a tendency to action. Thus attitude can be defined as a relatively enduring organization of beliefs around an object, subject, or concept that predisposes to a response in a preferential manner. Most human beings learn attitudes from social interactions, and once they are formed, it is very difficult to change. In the recent time, attitudes are being recognized as very important determinants of health behaviours, and consequently, psychologists and health care professionals are increasingly dwelling on attitude surveys and attitude measurements, since it is becoming clear that healthy attitudes gravitate from parents, teachers, religious leaders, and elders (Nielsen et al., 2004, 28-32). The beliefs and attributions that people hold can influence their health. This can influence health by affecting their behaviour such as food habits and by a direct influence on the physiological system. Although these two modes are not mutually exclusive for the patient, and there is another set of health beliefs and attributions from the health professionals that can affect the health of individuals. These beliefs may influence health decisions and also influence patients' cognitions. Healthcare professionals may influence the beliefs and attributions, hence behaviour of patients by giving them information and through expression of their beliefs about the patient's health and the best way to overcome a particular health problem. Hence health professionals' beliefs about a disease and its management are large factors in influencing the values of the patients and their approaches to the management of illness (O'hea et al., 2005, 705-717). Values are traits such as honesty, loyalty, intelligence, or talent. This is a set of instrumental values. The other conceptions of values as traits include instrumental and expressive tendencies. Values have also been defined as need strengths including achievement, affiliation, and dominance. The contemporary values point towards a person's value-directed preference for quality rather than quantity of life. The values ascertain the strength of